1. Introduction to Sustainable Development

2. Biodiversity

3. Energy

4. Habitat and Population

5. Atmospheric Pollution

6. Sea Level Rise

7. Global Warming and Ozone Depletion

8. Master's Thesis.

5. Small Island Development

6. Protected Area Networks

7. Wildlife, Wilderness and Forest Conservation

8. Master's Thesis.

5. Green Movements

6. Green Philosophy

7. Environmental Policies

8. Master's Thesis.

5. Marine Pollution and Control

6. Atmospheric Pollution and Control

7. Toxic, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes

8. Master's Thesis.

The details of fee to be paid by the participants of the two years Master of Science (M.Sc.) Degree are as follows :

The first instalment of Rs. 7000 is payable at the time of admission. Accordingly, the completed Application Form alongwith four passport size photographs, copies of certificates and mark sheets and a Bank Draft for the first instalment of fee (Rs.7000) in the name of "Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment" payable at New Delhi must reach Dr. Aaradhana Salpekar, Director, Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, A 15, Paryavaran Complex, South of Saket, Maidangarhi Marg, New Delhi - 110030 by registered post only. The completed application forms may also be submitted personally at the Admissions Counter of the Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, New Delhi between 9 am and 5 pm.

Agenda for Sustainable Development :

Global Partnership, Focus on Developing Countries, Summit Achievements, Summit Outcomes, New Agreements, New Conventions, New Recommendations, New Steps, Transition to Sustainable Development, The Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, Distinguishing Features, Concepts and International Dimensions, Programme Contents, Agenda 21 : Main Themes, Reforming Policies, Alleviating Poverty, Controlling Wasteful Consumption, Focusing on the Population, Encouraging Participation, Building Capacity, Improving Technologies, Expanding Scientific Capabilities, Integrating Trade and Environment, Financial Resources, Forest Principles, A Guide for Agenda of Global Sustainable Development, Agenda 21 : Brief Analysis, Agenda 21 : Reference Guide for Sustainable Development, Conservation and Management of Resources, Role of Major Groups, Means of Implementation, Environmentally-sound Technology, Science for Sustainable Development, Promoting Awareness, Capacity-Building, Strengthening Institutions, Legal Instruments, The Ratio Declaration, Convention on Biological Diversity, Climate Change Convention, NGOs' Response, Forestry Principles, Every form of Forest Life is Unique, NGO Threaties, Education, Declaration & General Principles, NGO Cooperation & Institution-building, Information and Networking, Sustainable Agriculture, Consumption and Lifestyles, Revalue, Restructure, Redistribute, Reduce, Reuse, Empowering Women, Poverty Treaty, Food Security : The Key is Self-Reliance, All Forms of Violence Must Go, Hazardous Waste Treaty.

Action plan for sustainable development :

Components of Agenda 21, Technology Issues, Efficient Technology Transfer Issue, Contents of Agenda 21, Priority Action, Revitalising Growth with Sustainability, International Policies to Accelerate Sustainable Development in Developing Countries and related Domestic Policies, Integration of Environment and Development in Decision-making, Sustainable Living, Combating Poverty, Charging Patterns, Demographic Dynamics and Sustainability, Human Health, Human Settlements, Sustainable Human Settlements Development, Urban Water Supplies, Environmentally Sound Management of Solid Wastes, Urban Pollution and Health, Efficient Resource Use, Land Resources Planning and Management, Fresh Water Resources, Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Sustainable Forest Development, Managing fragile ecosystems : Combating Desertification and Drought, Managing Fragile Ecosystem : Sustainable Mountain Development, Managing Fragile Ecosystems : Sustainable Development of Coastal Areas, Managing Fragile Ecosystems : Sustainable Development of Islands, Conservation of Biological Diversity, Environmentally Sound Management of Biotechnology, Global and Regional Resources, Protection of the Atmosphere, Protection of Oceans and Seas, Sustainable use of Living Marine Resources, Managing Chemicals and Waste, Environmentally Sound Management of Toxic Chemicals, Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes, Safe and Environmentally Sound Management of Radioactive Wastes, People Participation and Responsibility, Education, Public Awareness and Training, Strengthening the Role of Major Groups, Strengthening the Role of Children and Youth in Sustainable Development, Recognising and Strengthening the Role of Indigenous People and their Communities, Strengthening the Role of Non-Governmental Organisations : Partners for Sustainable Development, Strengthening the Role of Farmers, Local Authorities Initiatives, Strengthening the Role of Trade Unions, Strengthening the Role of Business and Industry, Strengthening the Role of the Scientific and Technological Community, Information for Decision-making, National Mechanisms and International Cooperation for Capacity Building, Science for Sustainable Development, Environmentally Sound Technology, International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms, International Institutional Arrangements, Role Played by Non-Governmental Organisations, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Capacity-Building, Initiative in Support of Agenda 21, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Human Resources Development and Capacity-Building, Strengthening the Role of Workers and their Trade Unions, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Promoting Freedom of Association, Strengthening Participation and Consultation, Provide Adequate Training, Capacity-Building, Strengthening the Role of Business and Industry, Promoting Cleaner Production, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Promoting Responsible Entrepreneurship, Basis for Action, Activities, Means of Implementation, Scientific and Technological Community, Improving Communication and Cooperation among the Scientific and Technological Community, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Promoting Codes of Practice and Guidelines, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Strengthening the Role of Farmers, Basis for Action, Management-Related Activities, Data and Information International and Regional Cooperation, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resource Development, Capability-Building, Science for Sustainable Development, Strengthening the Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management, Means of Implementation, Financing and cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Enhancing Scientific Understanding, Improving Long-Term Scientific Assessment, Building up Scientific Capacity and Capability, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Capability-Building, Promoting Education, Public Awareness and Training, Reorienting Education Towards Sustainable Development, Increasing Public Awareness, National Mechanisms and International Cooperation, International Institutional Arrangements, Institutional Structure, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Sustainable Development, Intergovernmental Functions, The Secretary-General, High-Level Inter-Agency Coordination Mechanism, High-Level Advisory Body, Secretariat Support Structure, Organise, Programmes and Organisations of the United Nations System, Regional and Subregional Cooperation and Implementation, National Implementation, Cooperation Between United Nations Bodies, Non-Governmental Organisations, International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms, Review, Assessment and Fields of Action in International Law, Implementation and Compliance Mechanism, Effective Participation in International law Making, Disputes in the Field of Sustainable Development, Information for Decision-making, Bridging the Data Gap, Basis for Action, Objects, Activities, Means of Implementations, Improving Availability of Information, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation.

Future global sustainable Development :

International Cooperation of accelerate Sustainable Development in Developing Countries, Combating Poverty, Changing Consumption Patterns, Demographic Dynamics and Sustainability, Protecting and Promoting Human Health, Promoting Sustainable Human Settlements, Policy-making for Sustainable Development, An Integrated Approach to Land-Resource Use, Combating Deforestation, Halting the Spread of Deserts, Protecting Mountain Ecosystems, Meeting Agricultural Needs Without Destroying the Land, Environmentally Sound Management of Biotechnology, Safeguarding the Ocean's Resources, Protecting and Managing Freshwater Resources, Managing Hazardous Wastes, Seeking Solution to Solid Waste Problems, Action for Women : Sustainable and Equitable Development, Agenda 21 Proposes, Making Environmentally Sound Technology Available to All, Science for Sustainable Development, Promoting Environmental Awareness, Building National Capacity for Sustainable Development, Strengthening Institutions for Sustainable Development, International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms, Bridging the Data Gap, UNCED : An Agreement to Disagree ?, The Earth Summit : A Year After.

Issues of negotiations, accountability, implementation and reorientation in achieving sustainable development :

Agenda 21 and National Accountabiliy, Environment Agency, Japan Unveils Agenda 21 Draft Action Plan, UNEP Governing Council Reorients it's Activities In-Line with Agenda 21, Programme Areas, Refocusing in Line with the CSD, Biodiversity Convention Progress, Global Action, Objectives, Activities, Areas Requiring Urgent Action, Research, Data Collection and Dissemination of Information, International and Regional Cooperation and Coordination, Means of Implementation, Children and Youth, Advancing the Role of Youth and Actively Involving them in the Protection of the Environment, Means of Implementation, Role of Indigenous People, Financial Resources and Mechanisms, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology.

Sustainable development of socio-economic and ecological systems :

Programme Areas, Promoting Sustainable Development Through Trade, Making Trade and Environment Mutually Supportive, Providing Adequate Financial Resources to Developing Countries, Encouraging Economic Policies Conducive to Sustainable Development, Focusing on Unsustainable Patterns of Production and Consumption, Developing National Policies and Strategies to Encourage Changes in Unsustainable Consumption Patterns, Developing and Disseminating Knowledge Concerning the Links Between Demographic Trends and Factors and Sustainable Development, Formulating Integrated National Policies for Environment and Development, Implementing Integrated Environment and Development Programmes at the Local Level, Protecting and Promoting Human Health, Control of Communicable Diseases, Protecting vulnerable Groups, Meeting the Urban Health Challenge, Reducing Health Risks from Environmental Pollution and Hazards, Promoting Sustainable Human Settlement Development, Improving Human Settlement Management, Promoting Sustainable Land use Planning and Management, Promoting the Integrated Provision of Environmental Infrastructure : Water, Sanitation, Drainage and Solid Waste Management, Promoting Sustainable Energy and Transport System in Human Settlements, Promoting Human Settlement Planning and Management in Disaster-Prone Areas, Promoting Sustainable Construction Industry Activities, Promoting Human Resource Development and Capacity-Building for Human Settlements Development.

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Biological diversity : An Introduction :

Environmentally Sound Management of Biotechnology, What is Biodiversity ?, Making Sense of Bio-Diversity : What Lives Where ?, Tropical Forest Loss, Geographical Bio-Diversity, Microbial Resources and Bio-Technology, Why is Biological Diversity Important ?, What Threatens Biological Diversity ?, Opportunistic Species, The Most Vulnerable Species, Distribution of Species, Loss of Species, Specialising, Species Distributions, Extinction, Why Bio-Diversity Matters ?, Survival of the Rarest, Biologists Face New Questions, Biodiversity is a Vital Resource for All Humankind, The Limited Knowledge Base, The Threat to Nature's Adaptability, Biodiversity is Being Destroyed by Human Activities at Unprecedented Rates, The Downward Spiral, In Praise of Biodiversity : A Statement by Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ecological Consequences of Reductions in Biodiversity, Over Exploitation of Resources.

Biodiversity depletion : Issues and options :

The Significance of Biodiversity, Genes as Resources, New Meaning, Diversity, Loss of Populations and Species, Genetic Diversity is Being Eroded, Energy and Climate Change, Garbage, Water, Land Use, Habitat Loss and Biodiversity, Land Use and Habitat Loss, Socio-Environmental Impact, Opposition, Eucalyptus Trees, Introductions of Genetically Modified Organisms, Pollution of Soil, Water and Atmosphere, Long-term Climate Change, Loss of Ability to Resist or Recover from Disturbance, Conservation of Biological Diversity, The Value of Bio-diversity, Biotechnology Benefits and Intellectual Property Rights, Two Paradigms of Bio-Diversity, Cultivating Diversity, Problems and Players, Profiteering from the Wisdom of the South, Knowledge of Biodiversity, Indigenous Bio-Diversity Rights, Community Knowledge Exploitation, Natural Ecosystems, The Underlying Causes, Managing Biodiversity, Reduction of Bio-Diversity The Ultimate Disaster ?, Introduction, Observation, Exceptional Areas for Biodiversity, Options for Selecting Priority Areas, Endemic Bird Areas, Centres of Plant Diversity, Setting Priorities, How Hot Are the Hotspots ?, Guidelines and Screening Criteria, An Example of Direct Benefits from Complex Ecological Interactions, How Much Biodiversity is There and Where is it Found ?, Inadequate Knowledge of the Diversity of Ecological Communities, The Extent and Distribution of Species' Diversity, Sutainable use of Biodiversity, Sustaining Biological Diversity, Environmentally Sound Management of Biotechnology.

Biodiversity conservation : global and national efforts :

National and International Initiatives, Global Network, Issues at UNCED, Ways of Cutting Bio-diversity Losses, Wildlife Conservation and Eco-Development of Sanctuaries, Local Sharing of the Non-use Values of Biodiversity, Sustainable Use of Bio-diversity, In Situ Conservation, Ex Situ Conservation, Research and Training, Free Exchange of Germplasm, Initiatives on the follow-up of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Identification of Action Points, Status Report of Bio-diversity Conservation, Legislation and Protocolas for Access to and Transfer of Genetic Resources, Ratification of the Convention, Strengthening of Ongoing Programmes on Bio-diversity Conservation, A Unit Case.

Biotechnology and prospects for biodiversity conservation :

The Genetic Revolution, The Colonisation of Human Regeneration, The Colonisation of Plant Regeneration, Food Crises, Biotechnology and the Third World, United Nations Efforts, Fewer Varieties, Narrowing the Genetic Base, Intense Farming, Access to Seeds, Gene Bank, What are Genetically Engineered Foods ?, Breeding Uniformity, Jurassic Park is Science Fiction, BST : Biotech and Cows, Soybean Drought Resistant Crop, Corn Fever, The Seed, Corporate Control of the Seed Industry, Who Controls the Seeds ?, Women, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genesis, Fewer Crops, A Roulette-Wheel for Farmers, Third World Strategies to Reverse the Trends, Programmes Areas : Increasing the Availability of Food, Feed and Renewable Raw Materials, Basis for Action, Objective, Data and Information, International and Regional Co-operation and Co-ordination, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Improving Human Health, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Management-Related Activities, Data and Information, International and Regional Co-operation and Co-ordination, Means of Implementation Financial and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resource Development, Enhancing Protection of the Environment, International and Regional Co-operation and Co-ordination, Financial and Cost Evaluation, Objectives, management-Related Activities, Means of Implementation, Financial and Cost-Evaluation, Capacity-Building, Establishing Enabling Mechanisms for the Development, How Europe Regulates Its Genes, Surprise! US Sometimes Beats Japan in Understanding Science, Asian Gypsy Moth Jumps Ship to United States, Politics, Can Biotech Put Bread on Third World Tables ?, Implications for Developing Countries.

CBD and other legal covenants to biodiversity protection :

Biological Diversity and International Environmental Law, Major Conservation Conventions and Agreements, Principles For A Global Agreement on Forests, Environmental Law Programme, Objectives for the Triennium, Activities, Principal Targets, Conservation of Biological Diversity, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Management Related Activities, Data and Information, International and Regional Co-operation and Co-ordination, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resource Development, Capacity-Building, Service on Strategies for Sustainability, Objectives for the Triennium, Conceptual Development, Exchange and Analysis of Experience, Activities, Principal Targets, Marine and Coastal Areas Programme, Objectives for the Triennium, Activities, Principal Targets, Best Practice in Bio-diversity Management, Site-specific interventions, Sustainable Use of Bio-diversity, Wetlands Programme, Objectives for the Triennium, Activities, Principal Targets, Systems Reviews, Coastal and Marine Areas, Forests Programme, Objectives for the Triennium, Principal Targets, Repairing Damaged Landscape, Protected Areas Programme, Environmental Education Programme, Bio-diversity Conservation Through Education, Formal Education Programme, Non-formal Education Programme, Sustainable Use of Wildlife Programme, Social Policy Service, Global Bio-diversity Assessment, Environmental Assessment Service, The Global Bio-diversity Assessment, Bio-diversity is Essential to Human Well-being, Financial Mechanisms and Technology Transfer, Inconsistent, Diversity and Freedom, Artificial Divide, 'Monocultures of the Mind', Programmes of IUCN.

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Global energy crisis and future outlook :

Institutional Arrangements and Specialised Centres, Energy Perspectives in Twenty-First Century.

World energy resources : finite and infinite :

World Oil : Coping with Dangers of Success, Natural Gas as Source of Energy, A Substitute for Petroleum Products, Role of Natural Gas, Role of Biomass, Energy Conservation Schemes, Results Achieved, Rethinking the Nuclear Option, The Energy Scene, Nuclear Power : Achievements and Prospects, Energy, The Treaty of Tlatelolco, Nuclear Energy and the Third World, Background to the Development of Nuclear Energy Programme in India, Institutional Framework and Infrastructure for Development of Nuclear Energy, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, The End of the Nuclear Dream, Nuclear Twilight or Second Dawn ?, The Indian Energy Scene, Renewable and Perpetual Energy Resources, Electric Power Generation from Fossil Fuels, Biogas, Wind Energy, Solar Eclipsed ?, Solar Thermal Systems, Solar Cookers, Solar, Crop Dryers, Solar Cold Storage, Solar Pumps, Solar Photovoltaic Systems, Wind Energy, Bioenergy.

Energy efficiency, conservation and management :

Improving the Way the Energy Utilisation, Energy Financing Constraints, Six Reasons for Government Action, Role of Additives in Fuel Conservation, Transportation Fuels, Energy Conservation Right From Inception, Maintenance and Operations Practices, Energy Conservation in Process Industry, Fired Heaters and Boilers, Heat Exchanges, Distillation Columns, Co-generation - An Efficient Way to Meet Dual Needs, Special Equipment, Lubricant Function, Additives, Detergent-Dispersants, Anti-Oxidants, Anti-war and Extreme-Pressure Agents, Anti-rust and Anti-corrosion Agents, Lubricant Performance Evaluation, Lube Conservation, Energy Conservation in Engineering, Basic Steps, Energy Auditing, Lubricants for Cold Rolling of Steel, Cement Plant Greases, Greases for Roller Bearings of Railway Axle Boxes, Automotive Wheel Bearing Greases, Petroleum Conservation, PCRA's Efforts, Introduction of Fuel Efficient Systems, Long Terms Plan, Need for a Movement, Import Burden, Natural Gas, Energy Conservation, Integrated Approach, Energy Conservation at CRL, Oil Conservation in Transport, Current Scenario, The Scope of Energy Conservation, The Scope of Oil Conservation, Energy Audits and Standardisation, Need for a New Energy Policy, Solutions to Energy Crisis, Agriculture, Industry, New Conventional Energy, Energy Management, Causes for Energy Inefficiency in Industry, Technology Gap, Lack of Effective Central Coordination, Lack of Knowledge Base, Absolute Equipment, National Strategy, CII Initiatives.

Energy policy, global change and common future :

Empowering Development, Natural Gas, Solar and Wind Energy, Biomass, Energy Strategies, Regain's Policy Switch, Fuel Substitution Scenarios, Concluding Remarks, "Well Find More Oil", The Role of Energy, The Actors and their Roles, Costs and Benefits of Policy Options, Overview of Electric Power Development in the Asia-Pacific, Research Activities.

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Human settlements, human health and global change :

Changing Consumption Patterns, Protecting and Promoting Human Health, Reducing Health Risks from Environmental Pollution and Hazards, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Financial and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resource Development, Capacity Building, Control of Communicable Deseses, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resources Development, Capacity Building, Ecological Structures Lost in State-Organised Societies, Socio-Environmental Impact, Opposition, Elements of a People's Bio-diversity Conservation Action Plan, Economic Tools and Incentives, The Underlying Causes, Without Immediate Action Future Options will be Restricted, Managing Biodiversity, Saving a Species, Impact of Climate Change, Energy Conservation and Efficiency, Non-Fossil Fuels, Ineffective and Costly Policies, Global Impacts, The Need for a New Approach, Wilderness Values and the Future, Threats to the Shield, Other Risks, International Corrective Action.

Environmentally sound management of waste and biotechnology :

Chronic Toxicity, Programme Areas, Minimising Wastes, Promoting Environmentally Sound Waste Disposal and Treatment, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Management-Related Activities, Data and Information, International and Regional Cooperation and Coordination, Means of Implementation, Financial and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resource Development, Capacity-Building, Cradle-to-Grave Management, The Quantitative Estimation of Risk, Role of the Toxicologist in the Assessment, of Risk, Maximising Environmentally Sound Waste Reuse and Recycling, Data Selection and Presentation, Main Features of a Toxic Releases Inventory, US Experience, United Nations Efforts, Increasing the Availability of Food, Feed and Renewable Raw Materials, Improving Human Health, Enhancing Protection of the Environment, Enhancing Safety and Developing International Mechanisms for Co-operation, Establishing Enabling Mechanisms for the Development, Biotechnology Revolution a Threat to 3rd World Economies, Disastrous, Biotechnology, Patents on Life Forms, and Conflicts Over Genetic Resources.

Urban settlements, rural settlements and human resources development :

Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resource Development and Capacity Building, Meeting the Urban Health Challenge, Urban Pollution and Health, Cities of Memory, Promoting Sustainable Energy and Transport System in Human Settlements, Promoting Human Settlement Planning and Management in Disaster-Prone Areas, Problems Faced, Saving the Land - and Women's Rights to it, Promoting Human Resource Development, A Matter of Choice, The Population Agenda, Where Human Activities Hurt Most, The Urban Explosion, A Curse of Riches, Population Pressures, Does Population Master, The Development Paradox, Buying Down Private Risk, The Modern Environmental Conbsciousness, Protecting Vulnerable Groups.

Human settlement planning and management :

Illegal Settlements, Improving Human Settlement Management, Strengthening the Role of Trade Unions, Principles for A Global Agreement on Forests, Developing and Disseminating Knowledge Concerning The Links Between in Demographic Trends, Hormone : Banned in North, Used in Mexico, Population, Consumption, and the Path to Sustainability, Population and the Paradox of "Growth", Promoting the Integrated Provision of Environmental Infrastructure, Human Settlement Objectives.

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Human population pressure and control methods :

Population Pressures.
Population advocacy vulnerable groups and human regeneration :

Activities, Means of Implementation, Financial & Cost Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Means, Human Resources Development, Capacity-Building, National and International Initiatives, Adivasis Hunted for Private Zoological Park, Thoovi - A Village Under Attack, Action for Women : Sustainable and Equitable Development, Agenda 21 Proposes the Following, Global Action for Women Towards Sustainable and Equitable Development, Strengthening the Role of Children and Youth in Sustainable Development, Migration and the Environment, Education, Public Awareness and Training, Formulating Integrated National Policies for Environment and Development, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Assessing the Implications of National Demographic Trends and Factors, Building and Strengthening a National Information Base, Incorporating Demographic Features Into Policies and Plans, Means of Implementation, Financial and Cost Evaluation, Raising Awareness of Lemographic and Sustainable Development Interactions, Strengthening Institutions, Promoting Human Resource Development, Global Good Citizenship, Exotic Capital, Buying Down Private Risk, Social Policy Service, Objectives for the Triennium, Activities, Principal Targets, Environmental Assessment Service, Integrating Environment and Development at the Policy, Planning and Management Levels, Providing an Effective Legal and Regulatory Framework, Making Effect Use of Economic Instruments and Market and Other Incentives, Establishing System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting.

Population, environment and development :

Perspectives on the Population and Environmental Connections, Implementing Integrated Environment and Development Programmes, Regional and Global Impacts on the Biosphere, The Need for a New Approach, The Need for Global Cooperation, "Global Warming and Climate Change : Perspectives from Developing Countries", Addressing the Uncertainties : Improving the Scientific Basis for Decision-making, Promoting Sustainable Development, Transportation, Industrial Development, Terrestrial and Marine Resource Development and Land Use, Preventing Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Transboundary Atmospheric Pollution, Towards a Climate Change Treaty, A New Global Ozone Diplomacy, Key Findings of the Impact Assessment of Stratosphere Ozone.

Population, consumption and treeatened resources :

More Food, Less Damage, Saving A Species, Wilderness Values and the Future, Conserving Bio-Diversity, Non-formal Education Programme, Programme Area : Basis for Action, Activities, Means of Implementation.

Combating poverty and implementing sustainability :

Enabling the Poor to achieve Sustainable Livelihoods, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Population, Consumption, and The Path to Sustainability, Programme Areas : Increasing the Availability of Food, Feed and Renewable Raw Materials, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Improving Human Health, Basis for Action, Objectives Activities, Means of Implementation, Enhancing Protection of the Environment, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Enhancing Safety and Developing International Mechanisms for Cooperation, Establishing Enabling Mechanisms for the Development, Developing And Disseminating Knowledge Concerning the Links Between Demographic Trends, Promoting Sustainable Development Through Trade, Making Trade and Environment Mutually Supportive, Providing Adequate Financial Resources to Developing Countries, Encouraging Economic Policies Conducive to Sustainable Development, Programme Area : Role of Non-Governmental Organisation, Local Authorities' Initiatives, Role of Workers, Promoting Cleaner Production, Promoting Responsible Entrepreneurship, Scientific and Technological Community, Communication and Cooperation, Promoting Codes of Practice and Guidelines Related to Science and Technology.

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The changing atmosphere and global climate :

Climate Warming, Ozone Layer Depletion, Actions by Governments and Industry, Principles of Ecology, Energy Efficiency and Fuel Substitution, The Evolution of Global Climate Change, Milestones in the Climate Warming Debate.

Causes and consequences of climate change :

Emissions and Sequestration from Forest Biomass, International Cooperation, The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change : Two Scenarios, Tropical Cycline Intensity, Strategic Implications, Reasons for Initiating the Programme, IGBP Underlying Themes : Priorities, Tropical Cyclone Formation and Frequency, ENSO and Climate Change.

Climate change and impact assessment :

A Sampling of Some of the Potential Climate Change Impacts of Current Concern, Estimates for Changes by 2030, Confidence in these Regional Estimates is Low, Impacts of Climate change on Water Resources, Strategies for Retention of Tropical Forests, The Promise of Energy Efficiency, An International Convention on Climate Change, Scientists and Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases, The Compound Interest Phenomenon, Non-Fossil Fuels.

International political economy climate change :

The Actors and their Roles, Global Observing Systems International Environment Education Programme (IEEP), The Role of Energy, Criteria for GEF Funding, Priorities for GEF Funding, The Reflection of International and Intergenerational Concerns, Research Activities.

Protecting atmosphere from climate change :

Protection of the Atmosphere, Relative Importance of Greenhouse Gases, The Need for Global Cooperation, Protecting the Atmosphere, Addressing The Uncertainties : Improving the Scientific Basis for Decision-Making, Promoting Sustainable Development, Transportation, Industrial Development, Terrestrial and Marine Resource Development, Preventing Stratosphere Ozone Depletion, Transboundary Atmospheric Pollution.

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Actions by Governments and Industry, Actions by Member Government of the United Nations, Non-governmental Organisations and Relevant International Bodies, Benefits of Global Warming, Economic Impacts and Policy Considerations, Aubrey Meyer, The Evolution of Global Climate Change, From 1960 to 1990, Population and Growth, Restructuration, Estimating Global Warming, The Need for Global Cooperation, Sources of Greenhouse Gases, Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Damadian Defended, Negative Feedbacks, Positive Biotic Feedbacks, Principles of Ecology, Energy Policies, Food Policies, Sustaining Living Marine Resources, Small States Conference on Sea Level Rise, Managing Fragile Ecosystems : Sustainable Development of Coastal Areas, Programme Areas : Addressing the Uncertainties : Improving the Scientific Basis for Decision-Making, Basis for Action, Objectives Promoting Sustainable Development, Basis of Action Objectives, Activities, Transportation, basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Industrial Development, Terrestrial and Marine Resource Development, Preventing Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Transboundary Atmospheric Pollution, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, International and Regional Cooperation, Capacity-Building, Human Resource Development, Financial and Cost Evaluation.

Sea-level Rise : the continuing debate :

CO2 Level-Sea Level : The Scientific Debate, Assessing the Scientific Debate, Physical and Biological Impacts, Social Impacts, Simulating Greenhouse Impacts I : Atmospheric Models, The "20 Consensus", Simulating Greenhouse Impacts II : Sea Level Models, Sea Level Rise and Natural Catastrophes.

Regional experiences of sea-level rise :

Implications for Asia and the Pacific, Policy Implications, Global Warming and Bangladesh : Implications and Responses, Physical and Biological Impacts, Societal Impacts, Bengal Delta : Bangladesh, The Nature of the Problem, Ecosystem, Human Health, The Physical Environment, Nile Delta : Egypt, Scenarios for Local Sea-level Rise, Environmental Changes Since 1900 - Links with Global Warming, Waibau Case Study, Tropical Cyclones, coastal Sedimentation, Shoreline Processes and Character, Summary of Past Effects of Global Warming on South Pacific Islands, Case Study I - Beqa Island, Fiji, Case Study - II-Labasa Town, Fiji, Case Study III - Nuku'alofa, Tonga, Other Effects _ A General Discussion, Summary of Future Effects of Global Warming on South Pacific Islands, Existing Policies, Recommendations, Government Agencies Responsible for Philippine Environmental Protection, Phillipine environment Laws, Existing Regulations, Future Legislation, Policy Recommendation, Five Case Studies, Transportation : The Philippines, Energy Efficiency in Indonesian Buildings, Refrigerator Efficiency, Lighting Efficiency in India and Brazil, Malaysia's Response to Global Climate Change, Responses of Malaysia, International Responses, National Response, Reversing the Atmospheric' Temperature Warming in Taiwan, Temperature Increases in Taiwan, The Effects of Temperature Warming, Government Interventions to Reverse Warming Trends.

Global impacts of sea-level rise :

Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources, Environmental Disruptions and their Implications, Global Impacts, Control Measures, Climate Impacts, The Assessment of Impacts, Potential Impacts, A Sampling of some of the Potential Climate Change Impacts of Current Concern, Estimates for Changes by 2030, Confidence in these Regional Estimates is Low, Remaining Questions to be Addressed, Energy Conservation and Efficiency, Non-Fossil Fuels, Ineffective and Costly Policies, Ocean Circulation and SW Monsoon, Sea Level Rise and Erosion, Sea Level Rise and Shore Zone Uses, Mining and Mineral Production, Tropical Cyclones and Storm Surges, Protection of the Atmosphere, Energy and International Collaboration, Renewable Resources, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, Oil Pollution, Nuclear Damage, Insurability of Losses.

Management strategies to counter sea-level rise :

Response Strategies : General Considerations, Two Basic Types of Response, Information Needs of Policy Makers, Research Priorities, Global Warming : A Vicious Circle, The Heat-Trapping Gases, Coastal Zone Management, Management Issues, S & T Action, Technologies to Deal with the sea Level Rise, Coping with Sea Level Rise, Assessing Vulnerability, Some Ideas about Assessing Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise, Safeguarding the Ocean's Resources, Options for Insurers, The Insurance Scheme Proposed by AOSIS, The Climate Change Convention, Protection of Oceans and Seas, Reversing the Greenhouse, Arresting Climate Change, Programme Areas : Integrated Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal and Marine Areas, Marine Environmental Protection, Sustainable use and Conservation of Marine Living Resources of the High Seas, Sustainable use and Conservation of Marine Living Resources under National Jurisdiction, Addressing Critical Uncertainties for the Management of the Marine Environment and Climate Change, Strengthening International, Including Regional, Cooperation and Co-ordination, Will Less-Developed Nations Suffer More ?, Are There Economical Hedging Strategies? The Role of the Environment in International Disputes and Conflicts, International Cooperation, Strategic Implications.

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Greenhouse effect and global warming :

Issues in Atmospheric Science, The Crucial Changes, The Indian Angle, Good News for the Planet, Scientists and Climate Change, Climate Destabilisation, Avoid It !, Co2 is the main factor, Stock-raising and refuse too, Combustion and fertilizers, An International Convention on Climate Change, ENSO and Climate Change, How ENSO Confounds the Monitoring of Global Warming, Climate Chaos, Developed and Developing Countries : Vulnerabilities and Responsibilities, Health, Energy and Greenhouse-Gas Impacts of Biomass Combustion, Flower Power, Phenomenal Response in Trees, What does the future hold ? Special Characteristics.

Global Warming and Greenhouse Policy Issues :

A Dynamic Trans-Temporal Model Pointing to a New Strategic Imperative, North-'South' Conflicts, A New Power Game, Technological Innovation, Scientific Research, Social Movements, Lifestyle is the Issue, Equity is on the Agenda, In Search of Sustainability, Role of Efficiency, Potential Role of Energy Efficiency in Developing Countries Feedbacks : Climatic Changes that Change the Climate, Which Impacts Should Worry Us Most ? The Importance of Extremes, The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change : Two Scenarios, Short-run Effect : Agricultural and Ecological Disruption, Agriculture, Forests, The Role of Energy, Energy Policy Scenarios, Fuel Substitution Scenarios, Electric Power Generation from Fossil Fuels, Economic and Institutional Reform, Expanding Electricity Supply with Low CO2 Emissions, Advanced gas turbines, Renewable and Nuclear Energy.

Global warming and response of developed countries :

USA, The Netherlands, Japan, Contribution of Global Ecosystem, Impacts of Global Warming on Japan, The Energy Position of Japan, Technological Progress within the Environmental and Energy Fields, Principle for Evaluating Global Environmental Technology, The Japanese Response to Global Warming, Research Project in Japan, New Zealand, New Zealand's International Response, IPCC Response Strategies Working Group Coastal Zone Management Subgroup, NZ Climate Change Programme, Australia, Climate, Coastal Impacts, Natural Environment, National Greenhouse Programme.

Global warming and response of developing countries :

Global Chemical Pollution, Major Issues that Need to Resolved, Potential Impact, The Role of Developing Countries, The Greenhouse Effect, Its Collective Judgement, What was decide at Rio ?, Abatement Commitments, Least-Cost Emission Reduction Planning - the Ideal Approach, Coasts of Stabilising Carbon Accumulations, The Cost of Capital and the Discount Rate Problem, The Reflection of International and Intergenerational Concerns, China, Improving the Way the Energy Utilisation, Strengthening Protection of Forest and Vegetation, Taiwan, Temperature Increases in Taiwan, The Effects of Temperature Warming, Sea Level Changes in Taiwan, Other Possible Impacts, Government Interventions to Reverse Warming trends, Environmental Protection Organisations, Emission Control Measures, Reforestation Programmes, Environmental Education, Malaysia, Concerns of Climate Change, Responses of Malaysia, International Response, Philippines, Government Agencies Responsible for Philippine Environmental Protection, Philippine Environment Laws, Future Legislation, For Geothermal Plants, For Thermal Plants, Policy Recommendation, South Pacific Islands, Sea-level Changes, Summary of Past Effects of Global Warming on South Pacific Islands, Case Study I - Beqa Island, Fiji, Case Study II-Labasa Town, Fiji, Case Study III-Nuku'alofa, Tonga, Summary of Future Effects of Global Warming on South Pacific Islands, Existing Policies, Bangladesh, Implication of Greenhouse Effect on Bangladesh, Responses, Scientific, National Policy, India, Main Features of the Convention Steps that need to be Taken in India, Assessment by the Conference of the Parties, Energy Efficiency and Fuel Substitution, New Perspectives on Sectoral CO2 Emissions and Incremental Costs, Emissions and Sequestration from Forest Biomass.

Global warming and international co-operation :

The Methodological Attack, The Need for Global Cooperation, Whose Growth ?, The Power of Primary Forcing, A Global Energy Efficiency Strategy, Role of a Hegemon.

Towards international greenhouse agreement :

The Promise of Energy Efficiency, Protecting the Atmosphere, Global Warming, Who Produces CO2 ?, Forests Keep the Balance, The Transition to Sustainable Energy, Improving Energy Efficiency, Energy Policy is Environmental Policy, Introducing Renewable Energy, Key Issues for Climate Change Negotiations, Assigning a Cost (or Shadow Price) to GHG Emissions, Vested interest in a 90 percent Fossil Global Economy, The IPCC and CO2 Emission Cuts, Where Must the Emissions Cuts Commence ?, It Pays to Pollute - The View from the World Bank, What is the Appropriate Context in which to Position Energy Efficiency Arguments ?, A Sustainable Per Capita Fossil GDP Threshold, The Hamburg Congress, Scientific Assessments, Warming Trends, Greenhouse Gases, Sources of Greenhouse Gases, Impact of Warming Trends, Global Impacts, Regional Impacts, Concern of Developing Countries, The Wheels are Beginning to Turn, Short-term Measures, Mercury, The Forests, The pH Value in Soil, Forest Damage in Scandinavia, Direct and Indirect Effects, What is Acidification ?, Nitrogen, Other Pollutants, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Cleaning of Car Exhausts, Limits Now Defined, Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly, Convention, 1992 Deadline - What are the Political Chances ?, Coral Reefs Dead Reckoning, Source of Greenhouse Gases, Direct Global Warming Potential, Indirect Global Warming Potentials, Relative Importance of Greenhouse Gases, Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, An Overall Objective, National Plans, Banking on Change, Implementation Procedures.

Ozone pollution, ozone hole and risks :

Chemical Processes Controlling Stratosphere Ozone, Model Calcutations 1970-87, Advances in Scientific Understanding 1987-92, Halons Phase-Out Dates, Halons and Ozone, Nominations for 1995, Alternatives to Halon for Fire Protection, Water Mist Technology, Key Findings of the Scientific Assessment of Stratopsheric Ozone : 1989, The Greenhouse Effect, Zooplankton, Krill Seabirds, Seals, The Antarctic Ozone Hole, Antarctic Lakes, Terrestrial Antarctic Ecosystem, Bacteria, Phytoplankton, Threats to the Shield, The Extent of the Damage, Key Findings of the Impact Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone, Human Health, Terrestrial Plants, Aquatic Ecosystems, Scientific Milestones : 1970 to Present.

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Climate change and ozone depletion :

Towards Action on Climate Change, The Actors and their Roles, Rain Forests : Drosophila can Monitor Habitat Change, International Environment Education Programme (IEEP), A New Kind of Debt Swap : Natural for National, Ecopolitics in the Global, Inter-generational Concerns, Risks and Discount Rates, Type I and Type II Projects, Special Type I Projects Eligible for GEF, Demonstration Projects for Type - II Technologies, Type of Interventions to reduce Net Emissions of GHGs, Improving the Way the Energy Utilisation, Strengthening Protection of Forest and Vegetation, A Dynamic Trans-Temporal Model Pointing to a New Strategic Imperative, Strategic Considerations for the South, A Comprehensive Negotiating Strategy for the South, Key Issues in the UNCED Negotiations, Key Issues in the Framework Negotiations on Climate Change, Key Issues in the Biodiversity Negotiations, Strengthening the Organisation of the South, Addressing Public Opinion in the North, Equity and Survival are Inextricably Linked, Vested Interest in a 90 Percent Fossil Global Economy, The IPCC and CO2 Emissions Cuts, A Sustainable Per Capital Fossil GDP Threshold, Geo-Ecological Power ?, Scientific Research, Closing the Resource Gap for Sustainable Development in the South, The Greenhouse Effects, What was Decide at Rio ?, Abetment Commitments, Equity is on the Agenda, Key Issues for Climate Change Negotiations, Key Issues for UNCED Negotiations, Tilting the Balance Towards Development, Institutional Arrangement to Implement UNCED Decisions, Can We Change Our Perspective ?, Towards An International Greenhouse Agreement, Constructing A Global Greenhouse Regime.

Saving Ozone layer : National and global efforts :

Dilemmas for Policy : Striking a Balance, Recent Initiatives in Policy and Research Policy, Using Simulation Models to Explore Policy Options, Energy Policy Scenarios, Energy Conservation and CO2 Reduction, Fuel Substitution Scenarios, Research, National and International Policy Milestones : 1978 to 1992, UNEP Acts, Pressure for Control of CFCs, UNEP, UNDP, UNIDO, World Bank, News from NGOs, World News, Africa, Czechoslovakia, European Community, Japan, Mauritius, Superannuation Institutions, Industry, Media, Scientists, China Joins Fight Against Ozone Depletion, North Rejects India's Plea, Revised Plan, New Perspectives on Sectoral CO2 Emissions and Incremental Costs, India and Global Negotiations for Climatic Change, Integrating Ecology and Economy in India, Scientific Update of GHG and Climate Change, Steps that Need to be Taken in India, Assessment by the Conference of the Parties, Egypt, India, Malaysia, Recommendation.

Industrial Technological and financial issues related to protection of Ozone :

Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, Destruction of Chlorofluor- ocarbons by Thermal Plasma Reaction Method, Need to Rationalise Use and Control Emission of Specified CFCs, Reductive Destruction of Chlorofluoro- carbons by Sodium Napthlalenide Method, Destruction of Chlorofluorocarbons by Catalytic Method, Current Status on Use of Specied CFCs, Commercial Refrigerating System, Guideline for the Rationalisation of Use and Control of Emission of Specified CFCs, Measures of Rationalisation of use and Control for Specified CFCs in Line with the Guideline, Countermeasures for Home Refrigerators, Countermeasures for Auto Air-Conditioners, Countermeasures for Urethane Foam, Countermeasures for Polystyrene/Polyolefine Foamed Products, Installation of New Cleaning Equipment, Halon Bank Management, New directions for Financing Global Environmental Change, The Global Environment Facility, Participant Continue Discussions on the Replenishment and Restructuring of the GEF, Allocation of Resources by Subjects, GEF in Asia, Design of a Southern Green Fund (SGF), Criteria for GEF Funding, Costs and Portfolio Choice : Energy Efficiency and the Backstop Technologies, Types of Interventions to Reduce Net Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Priorities for GEF Funding, Protocol Negotiating Difficulties.

Ozone Protocols and future diplomacy :

Lessons for a New Diplomacy, 10th Meeting of the Executive Committee, Fund Secretariat and the Implementing Agencies, Acid Precipitation, Corrosion of Metals, Ultraviolet Absorption, Atmospheric Heat Retention, Deadly Danger in a Spray Can, Estimated Phase-out Progress, Changes in CFC Global Market, Technical Feasibility of Early Phase-out, Implications of a 1997 Phase-out, Transitional Substances, Technical and Environmental Uncertainty, Developing Countries Concerns, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Objectives, Scope, Affiliated Protocolas Annexes and Organisations, Finance, Budget, Special Funds, Decision-making, Political Bodies, Scientific/Technical Bodies, Other Bodies, Causes of Depletion, Rules and Standards, Next Steps for The Montreal Protocol.

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Paper V : Small Island Development

An approach to island development :

Objectives for the Triennium, Activities, Principal Targets, A Sampling of some of the Potential Climate Change Impact of Current Concern, Confidence in these Regional Estimates is Low, Remaining Questions to be Addressed, Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change, Tropical Cyclone Formation and Frequency, Global Warming, Tropical Cyclones and Enso, For Fuel-burning Equipment and Industrial Plant, Boilers or Incinerators Emitting Solid Particles, Any Trade, Industry, Process, Environment-related Bills and Resolutions Pending in the House of Representatives, Environment-related Bills and Resolutions Pending in the Senate, Summary of Future Effects of Global Warming on South Pacific Islands, Recommendations, Island Development Strategy and Marine Environmental Health, Effect of Oil on the Marine Environment, Marine Environmental Health and Control of Marine Pollution, The 1984 Amendments, The 1985 (Annex II) Amendments, The 19885 (Protocol I) Amendments, The 1987 Amendments, 1989 (March) Amendments, The October 1989 Amendments, The 1990 (HSSC) Amendments, The 1990 (IBC Code) Amendments, The 1991 Amendments, The 1992 Amendments, The Protocol of 1973, The 1991 Amendments, International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Marine Pollution, Response and Cooperation, 1990, Marine Pollution, 1969 Amendments, 1971 Amendments, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972, The 1978 Amendments (Incineration), The 1978 Amendments (Disputes), The 1980 Amendments (List of Substances), The 1989 Amendments, The 1993 Amendments, The Articles, Annex-II (Liquid Noxious Substances), Annex III (Harmful Substances in Packaged Forms), Annex IV (Sewage), Annex V (Garbage), Progress Towards Ratification, The 1978 MARPOL Protocol, At Entry into Force (2 October 1983), New Tankers, MARPOL, 73/78 Now Requires, The 1984 Amendments, The 1985 Amendments, The 1987 Amendment, 1989 (March) Amendments, 1989 (October) Amendments, The 1990 Amendments, The 1990 (Annexes I and V) Amendments, The 1991 Amendments, The 1992 Amendments, Programme Areas, Integrated Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal and Marine Areas, Basic for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Marine Environmental Protection, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Sustainable use and Conservation of Marine Living Resources of the High Seas, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Means of Implementation, Sustainable use and Conservation of Marine Living Conservation of Marine Living Resources under National Jurisdiction, Basis for Action, Addressing Critical Uncertainties for the Management of the Marine Environment and Climate Change, Strengthening International, Including Regional, Cooperation and Co-ordination, Sustainable Development of Small Islands.

Island resource development and their biological diversity :

Living Marine Resources in the High Seas, Marine Resources Under National Jurisdiction, Regional and International Cooperation, Small Islands, Organisational Diversity, Genetic Diversity.

Convention on small island :

Major Initiatives, Global Climate Change and Rising Sea Levels, Toxic and Hazardous Wastes, Coastal and Marine Resources, Freshwater and Land Resources, Energy, Tourism, Financing and Follow-up, Declaration of Barbados, Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Preamble, Climate Change and Sea Level Rise, Natural and Environmental Disasters, Management of Wastes, Coastal and Marine Resources, Freshwater Resources, Land Resources, Energy Resources, Tourism Resources, Biodiversity Resources, National Institutions and Administrative Capacity, Regional Institutions and Technical Cooperation, Transport and Communication, Science and Technology, Human Resource Development, Implementation, Monitoring and Review.

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Paper VI : Protected Areas Network

Protected areas, national Parks and their networking :

Principal Targets, The Coverage of Biomes by Protected Areas, Using Protected Area Coverage of Biogeographic Provinces to Assess Priorities, Benefits and Costs, Adapting to the Challenges of the Future, Conservation of Biological Diversity, Basis for Action, Objectives, Activities, Management Related Activities, Data and Information, International and Regional Cooperation and Co-ordination, Means of Implementation, Financing and Cost Evaluation, Human Resource Development, Capacity-Building, Global Biodiversity Assessment, The Preservation of Genetic Diversity, Megadiversity and the issue, Why is Biological Diversity Important ?, What Threatens Biological Diversity?, Threats of Biodiversity.

Nature protection : values ethics and Laws :Nature protection : values ethics and Laws :